Theme: "Firewood Burning and Environmental Protection" Chinese Traditional Ceramic Intangible Heritage Summit Forum

Time: August 4, 2019 afternoon

Venue: Guozhong Ceramic Art Museum

Host: Li Zhengan

Li Zhengan: Just now we held the opening ceremony of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition of Chinese Traditional Ceramics, Firewood Burning and Environmental Protection. The second half is the summit forum. The issue of firewood burning and environmental protection should be said to be one of the most concerned topics in the industry, and it is also a very rich topic. Why do you say that? Because since pottery or porcelain came into being, it has always been closely related to firewood burning, or for a long time, firewood burning was the mainstream. On the other hand, in the words of Mr. Zhao Chao, we have entered the information society. In the words of Mr. Zhang, we are now in an era with the same ideas but outstanding personalities. There were five traditional and historical folk kilns in China, as well as many other folk kilns such as Yaozhou Kiln and Tongguan Kiln.

On the other hand, in this era and in this society, if Chai Kiln was the mainstream before, now with the change of fuel and firing method, Chai Kiln has relatively changed from the mainstream to a tributary.

Today, the CPC Central Committee sets up this topic belongs to the construction of cultural experiment, belongs to the category and topic of traditional intangible heritage. It should be said that is respected, recognized, but now this society is to green, to environmental protection. In some places, there are not only firewood kilns, but also coal and gas kilns, which are relatively compressed. The problem is, on the one hand we have to inherit the traditional Chinese culture, on the other hand, the situation is more serious. How should we inherit, some what countermeasures. Just now, I also discussed how to pass on the spirit, craftsmanship and fine craftsmanship of Chaijao in the face of the changes of The Times and the improvement of the burning methods.

When there was no exact answer, no right answer or standard answer, our class started. In a larger sense, what Teacher Qiu expects, including what we expect, is to find out the way out, the spirit of Chai burning, and the way to truly implement Chai burning into a feasible and sustainable development. We will see if we can pool our wisdom and put forward our own opinions and opinions. Just now our elder brother, the former handicraft export company group boss Liu Peijing teacher pays special attention to, pays special attention to, has made a detailed preparation of the text, is worth our learning. Mr. Liu first.

Liu peijin: this activity is very important, why important? Chinese ceramics are the world ceramics, that is, cultural ceramics, ceramic culture is from China, especially the study of firewood burning, is a source of ceramics. So I prepared an outline.

Chi-burning is the mother of all fires. Chi-burning ceramics are most suitable for the needs of human life. Chi-burning is by far the old mother of this fire and that fire. Why is it best? I won't go into details, because all of you here are experts. The beneficial elements emitted by firewood burning are much more abundant than rock burning, glaze burning, coal burning and so on, which is also much better for people's life. I do not elaborate. Especially today, Runfu is the deputy leader of China's environmental protection planning group, we now feel that environmental protection is to focus, to regard ceramics as a very important bad factor for environmental protection, I think it is absolutely wrong. Ceramics for hundreds of years, tracing the roots of thousands of years, think that ceramic white painted black, also did not hear who was poisoned, who died. Now a Tangshan suddenly closed more than 200 ceramic factories, so I specially issued a WeChat, in the future one day, the open ceramic industry did not give the people full glaze, at present we should pay attention to this tendency. That's a digression. I hope that runfu can do a good study on the harm of ceramics to the environment, not big and wide knowledge expansion, affecting people's lives in the future.

Let me just say a few words. The beginning of the nameless world is known as the mother of all things. This is a famous saying from Tao Te Ching. Firewood is the mother of all fires. Civilization is born from fire. Pottery burning and firewood burning are the beginning of civilization, which can be described as works of civilization. The firewood burning has a long history, the use value function is quite noble, the use value effect is quite broad, the use performance of the human activity needs is quite extensive, the significance of firewood burning ceramics is much larger. These cultures formed in history are the great inventions of the ancestors of pottery industry and the great inventions of the ancestors of firing pottery, which are the great contributions of mankind.

Here, like wood, like the firewood, to take care of firewood, take good care of the fame of firewood, the love of firewood in the role of the human environment, not for his own use or fame and fortune, violations of the history, damage the motherland should not do, firewood or ought to be serious, correct processing, the correct use of well. Now there is a tendency, no matter what the use value is, the pursuit of the burning temperature is right, I always think this is a need to study, according to different use value to choose different burning temperature, do not blindly pursue high temperature. 990 degrees, 1000 degrees of permeability is very good, if burned to 1200 degrees, there will be a problem. Of course, that question is off today.

Firewood ceramic is born because of fire, because of human life needs fire, because of science and technology. Firewood burning ceramics and pottery is a great framework of human progress. Pottery is also the mother of all things. Ceramics is not only the driving force of human society to promote development, but also the witness of human progress. This is considered by many archeological scientists to be evidence of a historical civilization. Taking good care of pottery and correctly innovating the use value and function of pottery means taking care of ancestors, taking care of Chinese culture and taking care of ourselves. Therefore, the Chai-burning Summit Forum not only has the value of offering prayers from the past, but also has the significance of inheriting history. This time the activity, both respond to the trend, the trend and the momentum, promote the ceramic career art sublimation, promote the ceramic career difficult development of the role, so the person planning the forum is very clever.

Because of this, I wrote an outline, and discussed with the comrades present here, and studied how to make our ceramic art develop healthfully, and how to form a social consensus on burning firewood, not to think that it is damaging the environment. Only in this way, can be conducive to the healthy development of ceramic industry.

I will divide the following three topics:

First, firewood burning is beneficial with pottery and ceramics. How we use our vessels to our advantage, what kind of relationships we have. In our China, the original archaeological discoveries, from Wushan, 1. 9 million years ago, a man 1. 7 million years ago, the new archaeological finds, 17 human development address city, 14 of them were found in the deep of human activity demonstration sites, distance is about 2. 12 million, it was in 1 million, by 1. 12 million, according to this is the history of pottery. Not 5,000 years, not tens of thousands, but millions of years. To put it simply, the history of pottery is quite long. The history of Chinese pottery is the history of human beings and the history of human pottery.

How was pottery invented? By what measure? Let me give you a question, the invention of pottery started from wood burning, how did it start? You can imagine, when we first bodhi old zu eat raw meat, forest fire, killed animals, burn out the meat was delicious, our old ancestors is very smart, can eat barbecue, the heavy rain also want to bake, roast after besmear harden, it can be put into the above things, old ancestors, how people consciously enhance the hardness of it in manchuria kiln, up to now,Most of the cooking in Tibet is still done in Manchurian kilns, which is the primitive method. Therefore, Chaiburn is the ancestor of Manburn. When we study the history of ceramics, we must study it from a rational analysis.

Second, the historical value of wood-fired ceramics. The wood-fired pottery was born because of human needs, changed because of human progress, optimized and deepened because of the improvement of human performance. The advantages of ceramic use value can not be replaced by any species, and it is difficult to replace. As you may recall, in the history of China, wood panels, leaves, lacquerware and now plastics were used as well. One by one, ceramics have knocked them down and they have become the rubbish of history. This is the advantage of porcelain and porcelain, clean, sanitary, be able to endure to wait. So make pottery, make the art of ceramics to grasp the character of human ceramics, and then to make good use of it.

Ceramics use value function advantage is quite strong, all things can not be replaced. Ceramics and along with the development of human science and technology unceasingly progress, unceasingly deepen, more unceasingly optimize and expand its new use value function. Ceramics are used in various fields of human activities, with the words now simply speaking, heaven has ceramics, under the deep sea has ceramics, all kinds of weapons, weapons, high-tech and so on have ceramics. Therefore, the life of ceramics is consistent with and harmonious with the life of human beings. As long as human beings exist, ceramics will not be destroyed. Therefore, we ceramic people must recognize that our historical mission is together with the human beings, not our personal business. Moreover, another of the greatest value of ceramics is that it carries human civilization and moral knowledge of human beings. This is a good history textbook, which can influence human nature and play the role of cultural people.

The value of firewood is certain, and so far it is the only species of material that man has continued to use.

Third, the realistic value of firewood burning ceramics. The historical value is clear, what is the realistic value? How to use good play realistic value? Big premise is pottery and porcelain, its use value suits human life most need, and suit the need of human each domain, have a meal need, adornment need, appreciate need, wait a moment. No matter wood burning or other burning, there is a common problem, ceramic design, ceramic production is why, this is a key point. A fundamental point is the use value, no matter firewood or what kind of burning, as long as it is the core of making tangible objects what use, can stand up to what use, this is the ceramic people, people engaged in pottery art must understand the core problem, you design things must have a use, this is the key point. Do not learn the American modern pottery, it is a waste of social resources, seducing people, harm people. The first time I attended the event, I gave a speech at the conference. What is produced in the United States now? It is just like the little boy in China who splashes urine and paste on the ground. Any kind of garbage to use value for its vitality, no use value of things can not stand the test of time, will slowly die. History can play a central role in the use value of firewood.

Specifically, design a thing to be able to clarify one, two and three, the so-called one is the use of value; What am I designing this for? What's the point? Second, is it a good or bad influence on people; The third is to be beneficial to people rather than harmful. This is the basic idea of our design, and this is the "1, 2, 3" in the Tao Te Ching. The core of the 3 is to benefit the people and not harm them.

I have some suggestions for your reference, there are three basic points:

First, the body must have life use value, adapt to a certain field of life needs.

Two, the form must have the artistic appreciation value, ADAPTS to the certain personage moral idea, moral knowledge cultivation hobby needs.

Third, the image must have historical value. To show the positive elements of a social prophet, so that future generations can understand and study the level and what kind of moral cultivation and learning of their ancestors have reached. So all of you in this room are engaged in ceramic design and production, and what you produce will be a species, a symbol for future generations to recognize you. So it has to be deep and deep.

A simple thing to say, in 2007 I and a very good friend of mine, I said, brother, you do not do this thing. What did he say? I said that after our descendants see, our previous ancestors are not people, is a monster. Who gives birth to a monster? That's not a person. Therefore, the research, design and manufacture of modeling must consider how future generations to evaluate the ancestors, just as we do now. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses show how far our ancestors had advanced before the Qin and Han dynasties.

The design of ceramics should give full play to the role of inheriting, carrying forward, enriching and optimizing Chinese morality. Only in this way can you stand the test of history, stand firm in the history of evolution and have a concept. A few years ago, I specifically discussed with a friend. He said what is sinology? I said sinology is the knowledge of the Chinese nation, he said it was too abstract, what call sinology, he said that all mankind what recognized knowledge is sinology, I said your point of view I agree with. The Analects of Confucius is sinology. I said that the Analects of Confucius is not sinology, not the whole of sinology, but one aspect of sinology. If you can take a bead as the Chinese study, I think the Tao Te Ching is the Chinese study. Because the Tao Te Ching is the crystallization of our ancestors' rational cognition, Confucius is the elaboration of a certain aspect of the Tao Te Ching, and Sun Tzu's Art of War and so on are the embodiment of a certain aspect of the Tao Te Ching. This issue will not be discussed today, but as you, the design of a modeling must practice knowledge, there is a basis for inheritance.

Our design must grasp this relationship, why should grasp this relationship? Because some people may have a personal view that art is created by individuals, it is propagated by individuals. But I think there is not your personal, because to give others to use, to give others to appreciate, it is not personal, all have to consider the issue of sales.

The innovation of ceramic material is not only a personal right, but also a historical social responsibility. There are only three things that make it a craft. Three key points to be a valuable work of art are excellent and noble. Like what? Pen, ink, paper and inkstone I once talked with a friend, I said you TV station to learn, do not learn nonsense. What are the four treasures of the study? Pen, ink, paper and inkstone. I say you are nonsense, ink paper inkstone is the study, is it treasure? The four treasures of the study, the four articles of the study are pen, ink, paper and inkstone, the four articles of the study. Just like people, they are all human beings. There are good people and bad people. Those who do good things are good people, while those who do bad things are not good people. It cannot be said that all pedestrians are people, but some pedestrians are not people. So the human society has the human nature, the animal nature, the ghost nature, different. Human nature is to do good things, the animal nature is the kind of fight, on the road to speak on the fist, that is the transformation of the beast. True humanity is kindness to others. What are the Four Treasures of the Study? Brush and ink paper and inkstone are four kinds of articles. Brush is the hubi of Zhejiang, paper is the xuan paper of Anhui, ink is the hui-ink of Anhui, and inkstone is the duan-ink of Guangdong. Therefore, after we engage in ceramic art, we should use wood to burn treasures for human beings, not to burn garbage.

We study wood burning to burn treasure, to burn good things out, do not add to the social chaos. This is the real way out of wood-fired ceramics, and also where the vitality lies.

Therefore, we should pay attention to that the body has the value of life use, the form should have the value of art appreciation, the image should have the historical value and stand the test of history.

As a whole, it is of great historical significance to Chai - burning. Now we carry forward the inheritance optimization, how to optimize? How to do? Be sure to burn treasure, not fashion. Now some people are following the fashion. When it comes to burning wood, they are blindly burning wood. Some things can be burned wood, while others should not be burned wood, and they should be treated differently. Now there are all kinds of small towns, the town, no matter how small towns, just like the birth of children without raising children, so many small towns have been yellow, not good. So, make artistic ceramic design must consider 3 elements: It is its use value, can stand the test; The second is whether the use value is fluidity; The third is how belongingness is.

So, we have to think about the practicality of the use value, think about its life, think about its attribution. The art ceramics and daily ceramics you make are your destiny, and its destiny is your destiny. This is the truth I know.

In general, by participating in the forum, the talents in the ceramic field will play a good role in promoting the continuous sublimation of the ceramic art and the continuous development of the ceramic industry. Congratulations on this success and being a role model for the whole country. Thank you!

Li Zhengan: Thank you, Mr. Liu, for your very opinionated statement. He expounded his views from three aspects: the historical value and the current value of firewood. Some of the topics are controversial. If you have different views or better ideas, please share them with us. I'd like Mr. Zhang Rongfa to speak.

Zhang Rongfa: each leader, each expert, everybody is good!Everyone talks about autonomy. I think the fundamental of ceramics is the skill of making and firing. Today, as an important producing area of art ceramics in Yixing City, how to inherit the skills of making and firing? One is firewood burning based on original firewood burning. How to pass it on? Ceramic firing technology is the fundamental of ceramics, I volunteered to attend this meeting.

I am in Yixing, the product is to make celadon, I am now the inheritance of celadon. Yixing's "five golden flowers" has a unique material, through firing, formed now "five golden flowers" art ceramics. First of all, I think, a real firing, first of all, you have to understand the material, the material is held together. Therefore, in my opinion, material and firing technique, as a ceramic artwork, we should first understand the firing technique, and then produce an artistic work through artistic modeling. Through this activity, the inheritance of ceramic skills is fundamentally to inherit the firing skills, Yixing is not paid attention to this, there are certain left, this year's firing is 100 ancient kiln porcelain, now the dragon kiln is tourism, there are some above the publicity. There is really no systematic and correct guidance in firewood burning, and it is good to pass on it. Through this activity, we in Yixing, or in yixing this place, in the traditional ceramic manufacturing and firing skills to join the porcelain. Through this activity, I bring our Yixing daily ceramic firewood burning, firing skills on the view. No matter what ceramics, the main purpose of firing technique is to achieve three points, to achieve three points in order to produce the final result of the artwork.

These three elements we, to have a good kiln, kiln how to adapt to the new era. The key is to adapt the kiln to wood burning, gas burning or coal burning, to adapt to the firing of ceramic works of art, to upgrade and transform the kiln, and to adapt the kiln to the improvement of art ceramic technology.

Recognition, on the regional and local art ceramics, at the local level through the cultivation of art ceramics on the material, through the training of fire, fire craft is not the old before his teacher teach student out of that fire craft must understand the material, through to design, to select good kiln, achieve their own art ceramic firing,We should strengthen the training of talents in this field.

In addition, through this activity, local governments, including industry associations, will pay attention to this aspect. How can we inherit the firewood firing skills in an orderly way and play a good role in the innovation of art ceramics?

Thank you!

Li Zhengan: Thank you Zhang Rongfa for your comments and suggestions. Still want to listen to the class more students and classmates' feelings, we raise our hands to speak.

Zhang Zhizhong: First of all, I would like to thank Mr. Liu Runfu for giving us such an opportunity to discuss the issue of firewood burning and environmental protection. When I signed up for this class, I signed up for environmental protection. Because firewood burning has always puzzled me, the environmental protection pressure in Xingtai, Hebei is very great. I have always had a wish to restore the modern technology with firewood burning in Xingtai Kiln, but I never had the chance. We're the only ones in this class who haven't burned a firewood kiln, but I'm here to learn. Through this study, I first understand that the problem of firewood is not a chemical that has a great impact on environmental protection. Relatively speaking, smoke is not necessarily toxic. This is my impression.

In addition, it is to understand the difference between the past firewood burning and the contemporary firewood burning. In the past, firewood burning was used to produce products, especially in the early stage, it was to fall ash. Now I find that most of the firewood is still uncontrollable or accidental. I saw this time, two colleagues burned it, I think it is not ideal, smoked, but this process is very important, learned a lot of knowledge. The classification of firewood has a lot of useful places, I hope you can give more guidance and one day burn out the white porcelain in Xing Kiln.

Mr. Lee: This is the only student who has never done firewood before and can realize the different effect of firewood. Just now you talked about the impact on environmental protection. Do you think it will have an impact? Or is it a big deal?

Zhang Zhizhong: I didn't have any research in this field before, but this time I heard some experts talk about this problem. The wood that is burned now falls ash, which actually falls into the land. It will not cause pollution to the land. In addition, it volatiles. It looks like smoke, but not PM2. 5. Relative to automobile pollution, it should be trace. But because the naked eye can see the smoke, we can not see the car exhaust, but it has an impact on the lungs, because its particles are too fine, this should be coarse particles, but how to solve this problem. Since I am in Xingtai, Hebei Province, the environmental protection in Xingtai is often the last to last. When the smog is particularly heavy, there is a confusion about what to do with the wood-burning industry. Xing kiln used to burn firewood, but now it is actually gas, not really according to the past process to do.

Xu Xiangrong: thank you no longer say, say some of their own feelings. The first is charcoal, which contains water vapor and carbon elements, and when it is put into the air, some of it floats away. The kiln is basically in a deep mountain or near some trees and plants. After being put out, leaf nutrients have been formed on the leaves, and the other part falls on the ground, forming materials at the joint point of carbon elements and the land. In fact, there is no environmental protection. Wood burning is my personal suggestion. I am talking with many teachers or experts about the result of this. When it comes to smoke, there are many ways to solve it. In the kiln, the tacit combination of the firewood and the kiln itself can make it know its temper, know how much firewood it needs, know when it needs to add firewood, when it needs to add firewood and when it needs to add firewood, and combine some experience and opportunities. Taken together, these aspects produce the effect of kerosene like smoke, which is a white gas. The white gas is a compound of carbon and water vapor. Where does the water vapor come from? Firewood can not be completely dry, there is no completely dry firewood, the humidity is almost below 30%, when burning there must be water molecules, so the formation of water vapor and carbon elements. The kiln and the kiln technology are combined so that it does not produce black smoke. What causes the black smoke? Under the condition of lack of oxygen, the lack of oxygen in combustion without full combustion, so the chimney discharged smoke or light smoke, if enough oxygen, fully burned, there is no black smoke, there is a big focus on, in the kiln, it is made of big wood or wood burning carbon formation, first put wood burning charcoal, if has the oxygen and carbon evolution,It forms a heat calorie, and the heat calorie produces the temperature. So in this respect, there is no sense that it is a pollution problem.

There is also a more delayed, after the wood is cut, the big lumber is sawn off, where is the remaining edge? We usually take it back, we take it back and we burn it for firewood. So environmental protection should be able to use digital, scientific or some system relationship to solve this problem. So I personally think so.

Li Zhengan: Because the class we are running this time has this topic, we should sort out a text based on experience and practice, which may be beneficial to the sustainable or normal development of firewood. It mentioned the selection of firewood when burning firewood, if it is wet, it may cause some problems, and what is the way of throwing firewood, and whether the smoke and dust produced is harmful or harmless. It is not harmful to the leaves, but it is a kind of raw material for the land. As a result, firewood may not be popularized in the future, but it will not be universally accepted that firewood is absolutely polluting, is absolutely not conducive to environmental protection and is a waste of forest resources. Generally we should actively sum up a set of firewood burning is beneficial in all aspects, now this experience or recognition will there be a thing?

Liu Runfu: There are three groups of artists here. The first group are academic teachers with strong creative ability. The second wave is design-oriented and creative. The third wave is the practical ability is stronger, the firewood burning technique is stronger. This time I want to bring people together to talk to each other. After the whole summary, I will summarize the practical experience of firewood burning, and those with creative ability will also be summarized together, and finally I will try to summarize the materials or textbooks of basic firewood burning techniques.

By the way, Mr. Xu has strong practical ability. He always studies the methods of firewood burning on the ground, how to burn it, chemical composition and other theories, but he is good at reporting to everyone. In addition, Mr. Zhang is Xingtai National Intangible Heritage Master. He studies archaeology and shape, so each teacher has different specialties. He wanted to use the firewood burning techniques for reference, Mr. Zhang is not particularly concerned about environmental issues, concerns about techniques. All the materials will eventually be collected by artists in our group to form literary and popular firewood burning techniques and applications.

Mr. Lee: What we care more about is national identity.

Liu Runfu:, in fact, this method is some, because our class, there is dust removal method, also please several teachers for dust removal method, from the environmental protection and the dust removal technology is possible, from the funds or catch the country is very strict, in fact and does not affect the process of environmental protection, and data summary, burning dust, water, dust, fog dust removal can be added. Other environmental protection is to provide reference, of course, each teacher's focus is different.

Li Zhengan: Please invite Mr. Sun Yiyuan, President of Fujian Dehua Firewood Association.

Sun Yiyuan: I would like to make two points briefly. The first point is the raw materials, which are not a problem now. They are all scraps and unmade materials, so raw materials are not a problem. The second point is about the kilns, because we are also working on the overtemperature burning of these woods in the kilns. Now in the form of kiln, we have two burner, the top is the opening to fill the firewood, the bottom is the place to put the charcoal. Burning charcoal from above to the end of the second burning, the third burning, kiln has been four to five hundred, after three times of burning, basically there is no smoke. We're pretty much done with this one. We have basically solved almost all the problems of environmental protection. Next, after better improvement of the kiln structure, there should be no problem. Thank you!

Li Zhengan: As a matter of fact, the Environmental Protection Bureau has the requirements of the Environmental Protection Bureau, and we, the Firewood Burning Association and Mr. Xu, have the corresponding results or opinions. Firewood burning can be carried out without violating environmental protection. Now the key is how to get the government to agree, this is certainly not overnight, there may be several stages. Like this is our initial stage, we have this class, students prepared such a set of data and experience or results, not to mention the firewood burning is not environmental protection, not green or a waste of resources. So I think this is very meaningful.

Before I was in this class, I have heard that Beijing produces countless household wastes a day, all of which are burned. Of course, this is not firewood burning, but burning or burning is the way to dispose these wastes, and then zero pollution. Maybe it's a high-tech thing, some of which are imported from Germany. We have yet to reach that stage. Can this thing be used and popularized? If it can be popularized, we need to persuade relevant units to gain recognition. So there must be follow-up work.

Lee: When we take design classes, we often say in school that Masons in Germany is the largest ceramic brand in the world, and its work is to integrate production with traditional industrial tourism. Western countries and developed countries do not allow large-scale ceramic enterprises to exist in the city, but why can Mason exist in the city? It can claim to be the most beautiful town in the world. Our experience, including Mr. Xu and the association, in the next step of the work, and some people who are interested in firewood technology cooperation, gain their approval or gain their support, the sustainability may be more solid, more long-term.

Qu Bing: When the president of the Dehua Firewood Burning Association said about the kiln, I think he changed it from the structure of the kiln. This kind of structure efficient smokeless firewood burning, is through two burning, let two burning to eliminate the smoke. This is a technological revolution.

Xu xiangrong: first of all, the structure of the Chai kiln is our most ancient lamp eye structure, which needs to be corrected.

In addition, when you were burning the kiln, it was more than two meters high. When we were throwing firewood or observing the fire, the kiln would get hot and people would not dare to get close to it. Such a thick skin, such a big kiln, if the kiln is so hot, how much material must be wasted? So I thought, if you used 10,000 jin of wood in the past, if you use 500 kg of wood in the kiln now, will the smoke be reduced ten times? Recently the northeast let me help to build a kiln, the original kiln why so hot? At that time, the material was firebrick, which was very heavy. But now, many kilns in Zibo are made of mullite bricks, poly (hydrogen) spheres. So I think, a brick more than ten dollars, its weight is very light, and the heat of the organization is very big. Let's think about it. We use 500 kg of firewood to burn this kiln. How much of that firewood is used for our work? Less than 5%. Why do you say that? Most of it goes with the chimney, because when the wood is burned at the end, the chimney catches fire, and a great deal of heat is lost to the chimney. Second is our kiln wall to adsorption, adsorption of a large number of wood. In my opinion, more than 60% of them belong to chimneys, more than 30% are absorbed by kiln walls, and only about 10% are works. Very little wood is really used in works. If the traditional heavy brick firebrick is replaced with mullite or polyhydrogen pellet brick, it will greatly reduce the use of firewood, the use of less firewood, but the temperature will rise, faster.

I recently built an electric kiln with a friend of mine in Rizhao, which normally takes more than two days, but now it takes more than three days. Why is that? We used a material that used to be used by the Japanese, which is now used by the Shanghai Research Institute. It's only one centimeter thick, and the insulation is 140 millimeters, 14 meters thick. This kiln is very small and very light, but why does it take three and a half days to open? The insulation is so good. With the advent of new materials and new technologies, it would be nice if we still used the traditional firebrick.

I would like to add briefly that we have technical bricks, durable bricks, heavy bricks and insulation bricks for kiln making. In fact, we use firebrick instead of insulation bricks, and the insulation bricks are divided into mullite bricks and polyhydrogen spherical bricks. The polyhydrogen spherical bricks are generally cheap. So that kiln I think will use at least half as much firewood as the kiln today, but it will be kept warm for a long time, it was three days, now it is a week.

Therefore, I think that in terms of firing technology, kiln structure and kiln skin insulation material, we should combine together to reduce the wood consumption by 2/3 and only use 1/3. I am making this kiln now. Mobile materials and insulation bricks can also meet the lifting requirements of our kiln, both of which are OK.

When the class started in Tsinghua University, my speech caused a lot of disputes among students. I think the seminar is more heated when there is a controversy, so people will not fall asleep or look at their phones. I think it is meaningful to have a rebuttal, even if what I said is wrong, I will use my wrong views to mobilize everyone's words.

Firewood burning is not an independent kiln process, but a continuation of my creative process. From the beginning of the furnace to the moment of the kiln, it constitutes the style of my wood-fired products. Due to the country's environmental protection requirements, many traditional areas in Shandong Province can no longer use firewood as an energy source to burn kilns. So I hope to find a better solution, such as electricity or gas as energy. Respect for tradition should not mean preservation, it is a better inheritance of the spirit of tradition. In fact, tradition is also in different times, constantly into the characteristics of The Times to form today's tradition. With new materials and high-tech changing with each passing day, can the traditional operation mode of high energy consumption, high pollution and process be improved? This is what I want to discuss with you. Food, clothing, shelter and transportation, which have evolved over thousands of years, have proved to be completely improvable and replaceable. I think firewood will do. So I'm going to study it.

In addition, I would like to say that a hundred years ago, we ate rice, vegetables, steamed buns were all firewood, there was no microwave oven, no electric stove, why do not use firewood at home now? Because there are more convenient, more light, better operation, more automatic control of the rice cooker. We can't go back to the past, because our life style has changed. Our way of life has changed. Should firewood be endowed with the spirit of the age? Contemporary wood-fired pottery, this is my second question.

Thank you teachers!

Li Zhengan: This topic is getting more and more interesting. It is impossible to go back to the past, but in the modern way of life, clothing, food, housing and transportation is also a history. Can we find a better way to achieve the art of wood-burning? The topic is getting more and more interesting, the first thing is to inherit the essence of firewood, can be through some construction and firing methods, and then your replacement method, I think it may be a higher level, the modern advanced technology or facilities. That's another point of view.

Hu Xiaopeng: Hello, everyone. I'm from Qingdao, Shandong Province. Before, I had a studio called the Royal Kiln Firewood Burning Base. Two firewood kilns were built in the past, but for various reasons, they no longer exist. There is only one kiln and several small houses left. I started at 4 o 'clock this morning and drove here at 1 o 'clock. We were building a firewood kiln in my new studio. Yesterday afternoon I needed a set of bricks. The first is very expensive, more than ten yuan a piece, I want to say that the environmental protection problem is, not the fuel problem, but we need to use the kiln to burn good works, as far as possible not to produce waste works, this is also an environmental protection. Some people want to say, I want to use a way to replace the firewood kiln, then do not say instead, is electric kiln, gas kiln, firewood kiln does not matter, if you have to say that this is my firewood kiln, then you are selling five yuan, mine is selling five hundred. We have raised the value of things, and when we have money, we can buy tens of thousands of equipment to remove dust. Otherwise, we can only do things worth five or ten yuan. How can we take the money to transform and make environmental protection equipment? It doesn't make sense.

Today's discussion is about firewood and environmental protection, firewood is needed. Just now Liu Lao said, there are human activities, there will be ceramics. Although it is not the mainstream, it exists as a minority. What we do is to serve the minority, and our works are not for public consumption. What we do is fine works and works of art. Kiln firewood, it doesn't matter, I want to build again, no matter because of environmental problems or land problems. A few days ago, when we were communicating in Dehua, I was singing "Start Over" all the time. Today, a teacher had a pigtail, so I said to leave it at once and start over again.

Chen Jiancheng: Actually, when I first started to burn firewood, I used small firewood kilns. As you have just mentioned, I have always felt that wood burning and air pollution are inseparable and always go hand in hand. Just the teacher in Qingdao, I always think that we have to do the effect, sometimes smoke is also very important, sometimes no smoke can not do the effect we want. Because said there is smoke, fire can not burn the place, will have a different effect. But now to say environmental protection, do not have smoke, will lose some of the physical effects we want. So I am quite in favor of how to do the follow-up environmental protection, how to filter the smoke out, which I think is more practical. For example, some chemical plants discharge things, he must do so, but he will certainly cause pollution, how to reduce the subsequent pollution to the minimum, do a filter. I think it's going to be a little bit like this, going this way. Including I would like to do some different effects, there are a lot of effects, but such as rock burning, throw into the rock can not smoke. So how you do a filter later on is more important. But it's a lot of money, and that's one of my ideas.

Li Zhengan: Actually, a master of Chinese arts and crafts from Jun Kiln did not come to this work this afternoon. He has already done this work. He seems to have given lectures in this direction and is already doing this work. Firewood burning is not achieved overnight, it may need to be divided into several stages, we first practical and feasible work to do solid, can be promoted, to convince the people of the Environmental Protection Agency, and then further see the possibility of Qu Bing. Because in this day and age you have to be very cautious about saying no.

Zhang Rongfa: How do I do it at home in terms of firewood burning skills? Let me talk about my own feelings. First of all, I think that firewood is a means of our ceramic art, and what effect I want to produce, I need to use firewood. Some works do not need firewood, not for firewood's sake. First of all, there are several ways of saying "firewood". First of all, I create my own works. If firewood can increase the artistic effect in my works, I will use firewood. Think about your own firewood in terms of your own firewood. For example, in the past, all the old firewood was burned, and the firewood was not burned out. Now, all the firewood was burned out in land kilns, and most of them were ground kilns. But now we miss the old firewood, and we need that firewood. How does the firewood of purple arenaceous firewood burn to burn a result? Firewood from other places is not necessarily used. My use of the concept of firewood, I think my work needs the quality of firewood to produce the effect. All the teachers just talked about, the pollution, the pollution has an effect on the work, something needs to be done, and more importantly, the firewood has an effect on the atmosphere. I now home to burn wood and combining site, have spirit and wood, I need the work inside the kiln to burn and wood, I this kiln is combined with wood, the temperature is to provide, the atmosphere is made from wood to provide, in low temperature when I land to burn, need wood with this work reflects the wood, what kind of wood is exquisite, is wood raw material. Not all firewood can be effective, we all have to go to the mountain to pick, with the least firewood to produce the best effect. This is one of our methods.

The system of adding firewood to the ground kiln produces an effect that the combination of gas and firewood can be fired by pressurization, and the gas is the gas kiln. At a certain time, the reaction of the firewood will be added. The temperature above must be provided by fuel, because the burning of this work is provided by gas. Gas is provided by what? It's provided with firewood. These two kinds of combination, according to the work needs to be burned in the stove which stove, not a unified firewood, according to the product needs firewood, what kind of utensils to complete.

In terms of firing, this kiln has a good thermal insulation, and the second is that the fuel should be fully burned in this kiln, and all the heat should be used in this work. What fuel is used to create this atmosphere? This is something deep, something that is not sought by the uniform pattern. Therefore, as a kind of craft inheritance, many things need to be explored by ourselves, and we can produce our own independently fired works of art according to our own product requirements.

Li Zhengan: Thank you. In fact, Mr. Liu has already pointed out this opinion and point of view. You have made further clarification. Now let's welcome Mr. Jin Wenlin, the second generation successor of Jun Guan Kiln skills.

Jin Wenlin: Then what Mr. Zhang and Mr. Chen said just now, what Mr. Wen of our Jun porcelain kiln did is mainly how to deal with it, because the porcelain area of Jun porcelain and that of the south, everyone can burn in a different state. And the teacher on the north side of the completely cut is not quite the same, Jun kiln is a thing called environmental protection equipment, is probably on the chimney and the kiln body above the two air intake channels, behind a mine pressure has been inhaling, the smoke collection, this is also a method, is the government requirements. If firewood is burned, use this equipment. But now there is a bit of confusion, even on the equipment, sometimes and the policy is related, strict on the equipment still let you stop, even if he does not understand, sometimes gas burning also let you stop. The relationship between firewood burning and environmental protection, whether there is harm or not, how to avoid it, how to communicate with the Environmental Protection Bureau, how to make a certain definition of firewood burning in the policy, how to burn a clear regulation, you can not be allowed to burn when the policy is tight, you can open the equipment to burn when the policy is loose. If Tsinghua Academy of Fine Arts has the ability in this field, we hope that we can make some communication in this field.

Li Zhengan: Now let's welcome Huang Xuecun from Huashue Temple in Pudong New Area of Shanghai.

Huang Xuecun: Tell me about my experience and answer the question about communication with the government and environmental protection department that Mr. Li just mentioned. I may be lucky. I have been engaged in firewood burning for so many years and have never encountered any strong environmental protection problem or pressure. It was only after I came here to learn from others that I found such a serious problem. Because in my early days, it was burned in my hometown Guangxi, in my village, there was no one to care. I also built my own kiln when I came to Shanghai, but Shanghai is very strict on environmental protection, probably the same as Beijing. But the person who was in charge of the environmental protection area said something to me, and he said, well, we're in the firewood business and frankly it's a very small business. It's very small. For example, when I make firewood in Shanghai, he said that if they focus on environmental protection, they will not pass the environmental protection. Because you have smoke, both firewood and cooking have smoke, then they may not pass the environmental protection. But from another point of view, the state does not support this cultural industry, we are engaged in this part of the cultural industry. Because there is very little smoke or other kiln burning every year, the probability of burning every year is very small, and the pollution is actually very small. From such a point of view, they should also support us to engage in, or to support, in addition to the cultural industry, cultural perspective to support. And then there's the issue of communication with the EPA.

Another teacher just talked about the government testing. At the end of 2017 and the beginning of 2018, I went to Qionglai, Sichuan Province to build a firewood kiln. The kiln we built at that time was also very big, about 12 meters long. When we burn the kilns, the government also has air monitoring, including putting elements on the chimneys to detect pollution. Of course, may do not pass the standard, they may have the test report, because at that time is the third party testing company testing, whether through do not know, because we still burned. Evidence supports this, including a friend who opened a kiln yesterday.

As for the detection and the smog system that you have talked a lot about, I went to Chongzhou, Sichuan Province again at the end of last year. I heard that there was such a system there, but unfortunately, the system was dismantlement ten days before I went there, but the basic things are still there. The place was burned for tiles and black bricks, which had been burned for many years. It was very large. But later, it was stopped because of environmental protection problems. After stopping, the government asked it to rectify, because it spent a lot of money to build a system for smoking. There is coal burning on the other side, and there are long pipes to take the smoke back and concentrate it. But then it went out of business and couldn't do it.

This is my experience, but I never finished the report. Later, I also asked a lot of friends in the industry, and he said that our system only solved the problem of tobacco from the perspective of industry, which was very small, but the cost would be very high. I also have friends who do such a system, but now they are studying how to reduce the cost first, but they do not solve the above problems, but the cost is relatively high.

Li Zhengan: Thank you! My experience is very rich, so I can share the results in a report. If I can get the information back, I can provide it to Ms. Liu, which can be regarded as a harvest or a reference case of the class.

Zhou Xiaoheng: I'm Zhou Xiaoheng from Ruzhou, Henan. Through the study of this class and what Teacher Li just said about communicating with the government, I have several understandings:

First, firewood burning and environmental protection. In Ningguo, Anhui Province, there are eight firewood burning now. I have seen it personally. In 2018, it was rated as the second batch of national dragon kiln towns approved by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Now the right to comment on this received the National Development and Reform Commission, it burned mainly some large steel, is still doing. This small town so many kiln environmental protection as a whole, must be the local government has a full communication, otherwise he in the evaluation of this time, environmental protection certainly can not pass.

Secondly, through the study of this class, everyone is very mature in the technology, history, skills and techniques of firewood burning. I would like to make a small suggestion. Could you summarize the firewood burning skills from the Tang Dynasty, declare an intangible cultural heritage project, and add it to the intangible cultural heritage project? Because many of the intangible cultural heritage projects declared by the state are heavy achievements, nobody cares about the process of burning ceramics or what to burn them with. What they care about is this thing. In my opinion, this is also part of the intangible cultural heritage. If so, it is better to communicate with the environmental protection department to establish the intangible cultural heritage at the national level.

Thirdly, in my personal experience, the requirements of environmental protection are different in every place. For example, Hebei's environmental protection is definitely more strict, because it is close to the Beijing area. Like Henan is a little bit better. Therefore, in 2018, the Longyao Town of Ningguo applied for the second batch of state-level towns. There are 18 dragon kilns. Now the dragon kilns are being burned every day.

Li Zhengan-An: This town is a bit of a slant, isn't it?

Zhou Xiaoheng: It is a county-level city, but the economic conditions of the county-level city are very good.

Qiu Gengyu: Is Longyao Town allowed to burn because the local government said it no longer had environmental problems or because it solved the environmental problems?

Zhou Xiaoheng: It should be supported by the local government.

Qiu Gengyu: Have you solved the problem?

Zhou Xiaoheng: I didn't see any equipment when I went to see it. But when I applied for a state-level town, I think this problem will be reflected in the application materials.

Li Zhengan: The situation varies from place to place, so we still need to investigate or further implement it. If there is no pollution, it will be better. If the local government wants to protect it, it is another problem, so we still need to implement it.

Yu Shen: I'm from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. You have asked a number of questions, some of which I can explain. The first one is that Xiaoheng just said that the traditional material firing skills belong to the national intangible cultural heritage project, which is not wrong. We can directly comment that there are national masters in firewood kilns and kilns, and there are non-hereditary inheritors at the national level in Jingdezhen.

The second question is about the so-called kiln building as mentioned by Mr. Liu just now. Unfortunately, we are still very backward. Until now, we still use clay brick (red brick). It works very well. So whether the kiln is good or not has nothing to do with the material, but has something to do with the structure. I went to Qingdao this time, together with some Korean people. According to them, his kiln burned without smoke, only the fire did not emit smoke. So we are going to look for the renovation of the kiln and study it.

Now there are only 20 members in this team, divided into three levels. It can be clearly seen that because of the mismatch of talent structure and industry, no one has studied the firewood industry in China from the beginning to the end. People who engage in creation do not want to make a kiln, because it is very hard and expensive to make a kiln. Making a thing is very simple. Buying a pile of mud can make a lot of things with a few thousand yuan.

Therefore, in my opinion, to solve the problem of firewood burning and environmental protection, the elimination of smoke is actually a secondary issue. The most important thing is to do a good job in this industry. The forestry department is very concerned about this. If someone has seen our kilns, they may be able to yard hundreds of kilns at a time. The forestry department is still very important, because it can prevent you from burning them, because when it comes to wood, the environmental protection problem is easy to solve. The so-called environmental protection problem is the problem of emissions, which can be solved with a little money, but why can't it be solved? It has something to do with the development of firewood industry. Firewood doesn't make money. If you have enough money, coal-fired power plants can come out with a set of sulfur and denitration equipment. How much coal can you burn at a time? We don't make money in this industry. What if we don't make money? Everyone together, hope that through the government and everyone to discuss together, how to solve the problem of smoke exhaust. In fact, the solution to this problem will cost money, but where will the money come from? I don't know.

So I think the most important thing about our wood-burning is to enhance the value of our wood-burning products or artworks, to make the value of the industry. It costs about 70,000 yuan to burn firewood for a kiln. You can't sell your things for money. I don't burn gas kiln, which is meaningless. To pursue, we must first solve the survival problem, solve the survival problem, solve the development problem, solve the development problem can solve the environmental protection problem, so that the industry can continue, so that our wood burning and environmental protection to form the last standardized, easy to handle smoke removal equipment, actually very simple. Teacher Wang Hui said that industrial ceramics design, smoke removal for them too simple, not a problem.

Wang Hui: I'm not an industrial designer. I'm also a ceramic designer.

Yu Shen: Really very simple, is to spend money, as long as you spend money what equipment is done for you.

Lee: Is it easy to spend money?

Yu Shen: Simple. Now it is difficult for us to make a work or burn a good work, but it is still possible for us to raise some money to solve a set of equipment.

Lee: What kind of equipment?

Yu Shen: The smoke removal equipment, the burning of carbon particles, is really very simple, there is nothing else.

Li Zhengan-an: I'm not sure. Is it easy? Just a smoke control device?

Wang Zhongzhen: In principle.

Lee: How about the specifics?

Wang Zhongzhen: In fact, the concrete is also. Now we see that every city has a waste incineration site, why it can be incinerated? First of all, it has such equipment, and even more terrifying is the crematorium, why does it exist? Because it has the equipment. It's just that the device is more expensive for us as individuals. Therefore, at present, Tsinghua University can choose a leader and set up an association of some high level. In this association, some high level people will be recruited and some high level experts will be hired. We will make more appraisals. For example, we can first set a parking space, each region must first have regional culture, the kiln must have regional culture, there must be a firewood burning price, someone to identify, there must be an association and evaluation of experts. The association may pool some money to subsidize him, the state subsidize part of it, the college subsidize part of it, and the family pays part of it.

Another, we must polish their eyes and polish their hearts, not to say that all the works are to be burned, what is the value of burning? Why burn wood? This time we all have their own methods, but also come into contact with some foreign firewood burning methods, very rich, we can learn from. But what's scary? Including what Teacher Yu said, I have an opposing point of view, not to say that the high selling value of this thing will be a good thing in the future, but the high selling value of this thing will have a certain good thing. But if it sells well, Jingdezhen may be making firewood tomorrow, which is very scary. It is expensive. We can still buy wood if it is not cut. Because I earn more, wood is 10,000 yuan per jin, and I sell it to one million yuan, as long as there is a market for it. We are now to control it, what kind of works we want to do, we need to study traditional culture, how to recreate. That's a problem. We must have a cultural excavation. In fact, the students Mr. Liu chose are very interesting. Everyone is in a different city, so they can play with the local culture, dig their own culture, how to form the work, how to build the kiln, and then think about how to change it and how to make money. In fact, after you do a good job in culture, the government will help you, will help you. We originally built a wood-kiln in 2009. The government invested money for us, and Mr. Hu also participated in it. At that time, we built it by ourselves, and we held pottery exchange meetings. Of course, we can't make full use of the government's resources. Maybe a new leader can't do anything if he doesn't understand this. So we need to build such a platform to do this on our own and with the strength of all of us. If it doesn't take one year, it will take two years, three years or maybe ten years. This will benefit future generations. Miss Liu did this is very good, very meaningful, so it is a great honor to participate in this training, thank Miss Liu again and again, is sincerely.

There is also a more worrying matter, may develop in the future to what extent? Now we think this ceramic is cheap, maybe with the development of science and technology, ceramic materials will be gradually not allowed to be mined, not allowed to be used in the future, or there will be some new materials, will replace it, it is cheap and very convenient, but one day it may be replaced, how to preserve it or do culture? So I think tapping into this culture. I personally think so, there may be a big mistake.

Li Zhengan: Wang Zhongzhen, a teacher from Jilin University of the Arts, talked about all aspects of the issues involved around the theme again, considering more comprehensively and in a longer time. By this stage, many opinions from all sides have been exposed. There is still time, but time is short, I hope you have ideas to hurry up.

ZhangTing: I am the Shanghai engineering technology university as a representative of the school to take part in the activity, there are many predecessors have kiln directly, but our school didn't have the link, and weeks before the teacher said that our gas kiln there is a problem, but it is my pleasure to attend this activity, can put his work has been passed down, carry forward. I hope that after Liu establishing class group, don't say that is one year, two years, as just Ms. Wang said, we may be five years, ten years has always been a loop, have this platform for all the firewood, not only is the practice, including theory research, including interdisciplinary, everyone together to discuss firewood and the problem of environmental protection. It's not just a question of an artist, hopefully a synthesis. In Tsinghua, too. Every teacher has his own research topic and direction. In the future, our class will be a comprehensive one, integrating some resources from all parts of the country, and will continue to form a virtuous cycle and sustainable development. Also hope to get more Qinghua teachers or some organizations support, support you have been to do some of their own dreams and hobbies.

Li Zhengan: Thank you, Ms. Zhang Ting. I seem to disagree with what Ms. Zhang Ting said just now. You seem to say that there are no firewood kilns in Shanghai?

Zhang Ting: Our school is going to move to Changning District. We are not allowed to build gas kilns in that building. We can only burn electricity kilns. One characteristic of wood burning is the natural effect of falling ash. From the perspective of security, it may be impossible to achieve, but as a student of ceramics, not every piece of work is firewood, but some works want to achieve the different aspects of their works through firewood.

Li Zhengan: The problem mentioned by Mr. Zhang is not only in Shanghai, but also in Tsinghua Academy of Fine Arts. The gas kilns are not built inside the Academy of Fine Arts, but there are various situations when they are built outside the Academy of Fine Arts.

Zhang Ting: It just can't be used. It was built and put there.

Lee: So some obstacles are artificial or some obstacles are relatively difficult to overcome. That's my feeling. I have been to Japan, Europe, the United States, in these schools, especially some elite kilns, electric kilns, gas kilns are in their teaching area. Why can gas kilns in developed countries be in teaching buildings? So some things may not be a problem that we can solve, let alone firewood. Vice President Zhao Chao did not say much at the opening ceremony, but he did say that the way we want to burn wood, gas and coal are all reflected in our teaching, but it may not be so easy to say so and really achieve it. This work could be a firewood in teaching that could become a content that could be carried out, and this could be the first step. Then it may be in the factory area or the typical case of the inheritor. Of course, as we said, firewood should be selected, not all kinds of firewood.

Next, we would like to invite the teachers of this group. One of the teachers, Ms. Qiu Gengyu, has made a speech at the opening ceremony as a representative. Next, we would like to invite Ms. Yin Hang, one of the teachers' representatives.

Yin hang: thank you, teacher Li, today Mr. Lao and Zhao Chao both talked about wood burning or ceramics from a very long time ago, which reminds me of the book a brief history of mankind that I am reading now, I highly recommend it. Is an Israeli historian who looks at human evolution, the earth and nature in a biological way. I used to hate big things. What kind of problems did I think it would solve? I saw "A Brief History of Man" for me personally, and I don't know how it helped me. But I think the book made me feel that, as a personal creature, you go to get along with nature, like a philosophical question of where you come from and where you're going. And even how the use of fire has contributed to the evolution of humans, to our evolution, that we are anthropoid, that the anthropoid species has ascended to the top of the biological chain as a natural evolution, and now as a creator. How many of the human species relate to nature, including saying that the designer is the creator of ceramics, how they relate to the material, the relationship between the material. When you were talking about it, I felt that the phone case was so old that my first impression was that I was going to throw it away and I could buy a new one. Because just take a picture of time three Meng's clothes have a brocade, I suddenly think, if I this belt is his kind of material, I give up not willing to throw? I don't want to. Maybe it will get old, maybe it will get dirty, but I think this material has something in my heart, it is not a cheap material, I will keep it, I will use it longer. If I don't, I will produce one less garbage.

So I think the way we burn wood is a really good connection to nature. I was drinking water from a plastic bottle, because everyone had one at the opening ceremony, and as I drank it I thought I should finish it, because bottled water itself has a very high carbon footprint. Halfway through the drink, everyone was drinking tea, and I wanted to drink tea, too. The moment I touched ceramic, I suddenly felt that it was much stronger than plastic. And this relationship with material, when we jump out of A Brief History of Humanity, gives us this sense of responsibility, or why do you make things, what do you make things for. As Mr. Liu said, what kind of impact will its recycling have with our earth, is it a disaster, will it cause a garbage? When we look a little more detached, a little more perceptive, maybe our behavior will change. In fact, sometimes I do feel that the will really determines your actions, where you are going. For example, we have a cooperation project with Germany this year, we try to replace plastic with ceramic utensils, because now there are too many takeout tableware, I would like to order takeout and go out lazy. When I eat in Tsinghua University, I feel faint when I walk from the Academy of Fine Arts to the canteen, so I order takeout, which produces a lot of plastic waste. But when we started this project, we released a video about the damage caused by a lot of plastic waste, and we were very shocked. I know, but when statistics like this come out, when this scene comes out, it's shocking, since that day and now, I haven't ordered a takeaway once in six months, I'd rather climb out and eat in the cafeteria. At this time I think, a little awareness will change your behavior, when you have behavior change, you will know your creation.

As Liu Lao said, as an artistic designer or artist, if not with such a more responsible, more pursuing attitude to do, maybe everyone's behavior will be completely different. It is also because I read this book that I hope all of you will be more responsible to create things and have more reverence for nature.

Li Zhengan: Thank you, Miss Yin Hang. Just now, teacher Yin Hang mentioned Sanmeng. Sanmeng is the representative of ethnic minorities here. Would you please say something about it?

Sanmeng: Dear teachers, I'm Sanmeng from Xishuangbanna. In fact, I think that all the teachers and students have said so much, but more of us in Xishuangbanna still want to do Chai Kiln. Because like our side before all is heap burn, a heap burn is how much firewood you use, but pottery is not so stable. When I came to Beijing this time, I went to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage teacher Ding Meng, and I thought what he said was very insightful. With him to buy a lot of guests with low temperature pottery to drink water or stew ribs, take materials to burn things will retain some of the chemical reaction of the earth and fire, take the gas kiln, electric kiln after cooking, taste is not the same.

My idea is that if you have time, you can go to our place to have an investigation. You want to make some firewood kilns in our place through this study. If you have ideas about environmental protection or other aspects, you can come to our Xishuangbanna to practice them.

Li Zhengan: Xishuangbanna does not have this problem?

Sanmeng: No. We used to burn firewood, but later we planted our own black green trees, which sprout quickly. Cutting it once a year is enough to burn it for a year without cutting down the trees in the mountains. The gift to nature, like we believe in Buddhism, the gift of nature trees, soil, water will go to worship, just like we make pottery to go to the earth when we have to sacrifice, ask the god, to take some soil to make pottery. I hope you can come to Xishuangbanna often.

Li Zhengan: Thank you Sanmeng for your invitation.

Cao Xuetang: I learn sculpture, why do I do pottery? I think the charm of firewood is too powerful, and I said I must find a kiln to burn firewood kiln. What Sanmeng said just now is that the rice cooked by pottery is fragrant. In the local area, there are still different kinds of coarse pottery in ancient times. The taste of the food cooked by coarse pottery is different. Another is that the local people said, because the four seasons will fire, with the local pottery cup tea drinking is not easy to get angry. When we were young, the steel was made of coarse pottery. When the conditions were good, we replaced it with enamel. The air permeability of coarse pottery was very good and it could be used for a long time. The purple sand of pottery burned big airtight, now we pursue a few glaze color, see firewood burning and environmental protection, environmental protection is not each level, like we say pollution, actually not so big pollution. For another, sometimes pollution reduces some losses. I don't even dare to burn the kiln now, for fear of burning some rubbish. It was not easy to find an object. One of the local wine bottles was made of coarse clay, which was not permeable to the wine. In order to dig for the material, six people did not come up, and then they stopped making it. So I think it's not easy to reduce consumption. Well, kilns, Japan has such equipment, we do not need it now? Because it's so expensive, you can't see the smoke, you can't see the fire.

Li Zhengan-an: Thank you to our sculptor.

Yu Jiexing: I would like to share two experiences with you. The kiln in Jizhou, Jiangxi Province is also encouraged to open kilns and burn firewood. Then there are some subsidies this time, and the local government is not excluded. There are a large number of dragon kilns in Jianyang, Fujian, and they are all new ones. Basically, you can build them as long as you have filed for them. If you fail to build them, it is likely that you do not communicate well with each other.

What do these examples show? I feel that in many places, especially in the south, there is no pressure to protect the environment, and even the ceramic industry has become a local name card or a support point for economic growth. In particular, in recent years, Jianyang has seen a huge market growth, which has led to a sharp increase in the number of employees. Moreover, regardless of the concept or how to build a dragon kiln, most people have realized that it is a selling point or a channel to improve product quality. So there's a lot to do, and there's no limit.

This brings me to a question. Just now we have been talking about environmental protection and communicating with the government. For example, the year before last, our school undertook some design orders for gift making for the Qingdao Shanghai Cooperation Summit. At that time, the pressure was very heavy. The whole ceramic producing area and other industrial producing areas in Zibo were suspended. To deal with Beijing side, special approval for a few individual factories can be briefly opened. What does it mean? Especially around Beijing in the north of environmental protection under the condition of pressure particularly big, very likely the government culture is not necessarily can't understand, is likely to be on this issue is one size fits all, sometimes even some rural cook chimneys all want tube, let alone a ceramic pollution is not pollution, pollution of firewood, he may not have the interest to measure or to loose policy.

Therefore, I think it is a bit like the tea production areas are mainly in the south, and there are few tea production areas in the north. If you have to force them to grow tea in the north, the quality or yield may not be very good. This is an ecological condition, which is difficult to change. The same is true for environmental protection. Maybe the areas around Beijing are really sensitive, so it may be a little difficult to realize the wood-burning construction of personal studio in Beijing or some areas in the north, at a certain stage. We call this social condition. Many cities in southern China have different environmental protection policies, which may make it better for people to move to another place to work in this area. Otherwise, they will be under great pressure, or they will feel tired in the process. One year you burn it, and the next year you don't burn it, which has a bigger impact on artists. Because my own kiln was demolished because of urban construction. Alibaba wanted to build Taobao City, so that place was demolished. There was no good opportunity for me to continue to make firewood.

Through this activity, I am also honored to know many friends who make firewood. I think it is not necessary to build another firewood kiln by myself, but I can also cooperate with others and go to others' places to participate more, which is also a good way. Thank you very much!

Li Zhengan: Teacher Lai Liangnan from Fujian College of Commerce, please.

Lai Liangnan: Hello, everyone. It's a great honor to be here as a teacher of Fujian College of Commerce. Fujian College of Business had a small kiln, which, when completed, was the only one among universities in Fujian Province, and probably still remains so. Due to geographical reasons, our school is located in Lianjiang County, a suburb of Fuzhou City, which is close to mountains and rivers and has more raw material resources. And it was a good natural port at that time, and there were some ancient dragon kilns burning all the time. So the local government is very supportive.

I think, in the firewood burning, the female comrades to burn firewood kiln is still very few, after all, Mr. Hu said, I was the first firewood kiln he had seen the female comrades. After burning for so many years, I have a feeling that the firewood kiln takes a very long time in the process of firing, like our last burning, which was more than 70 hours. It is quite challenging for girls. Therefore, I think, when solving environmental problems, can we also consider shortening the firing process time? Can we replace the previous time with other kiln bodies such as electric kiln and gas kiln, and then continue to make its effect with wood kiln.

Li Zhengan: So Mr. Qiu wants to go there even more. It's near the mountain and the river. Time, please summarize the project leader Mr. Liu.

Liu Runfu: Just say two words according to Teacher Li's instructions:

The first is wood burning. The word "firewood" is meant to create a sense that firewood is a path and a method, it's a craft, it's not our goal, it's a path and a craft, it's not our goal. Therefore, all the teachers here have different goals. For example, Mr. Zhang focuses on archaeology and studies traditional techniques. He strongly demands to preserve a technique. The teacher of the college may be an art teacher, and he requires this technique to demonstrate various requirements. We also have industry teachers who need to use this technique to create a lot of production that they can sell. Everyone's purpose is different. So in terms of firewood burning as a skill, it can be chosen, it can be used temporarily, it can be used in a different way depending on the purpose of each person. Remember, this is not our purpose.

The second is environmental protection. When I was planning this project, I also discussed some issues with Mr. Yin. Apart from the contradiction of environmental protection, whether there is a conflict between wood burning and environmental protection aroused our attention. In fact, all the teachers and artists present today are experts, because everyone has different characteristics. To use a figurative metaphor, some physicians, some surgeons, some burn, some design, some orthopedic surgeons, some ophthalmologists, each focus on a different point. Everyone only in their own point is very understanding, in another point is very lacking, let me orthopedic department to study internal medicine, neurology is very different. But one thing, the problem of environmental protection is also emphasized that it is a problem, not health, hope all through this platform, all the teachers are able to blend in this platform, various angles where the doctor to pay attention to firewood, firewood as the concept of ceramic art, for example, I think this one word, to burn a lot of people think itself is a very traditional, in fact is not like that,Now you can use wood burning techniques to make very modern things.

I want to say, to burn the problem, we have been looking at, in fact is not like that, but I saw the blue, or glad this platform, because the concept of firewood we thought it is ancient in the past, in fact, as a field of art about four aspects: shape, decoration, craft technique, aesthetic. In fact, we have been paying attention to how to burn the skills. In fact, there are also some problems with Chaiyao in the shape, way and aesthetic. It is good to pay attention to the problems with Chaiyao through this platform. I think environmental protection is a healthy state. I hope everyone can move forward healthily.

The third is the special thanks to clear the United States of several teachers today, is the most solid our clear beauty in solving practical problems, the solution actual problem very practical teacher, they can say is different from other artists here is that they belong to the pathology doctor, they will pay attention to what is the relationship between the firewood each link, this is a very rare thing. And Tsinghua has always done more to solve problems than to say. Several teachers think about how to change in pathology, and you have a lot of social background and educational platforms to positively influence and improve the whole process of our firewood problem.

I have a small proposal, all the artists here give warm applause to thank the teachers of Tsinghua Academy of Fine Arts.

Li Zhengan: Mr. Liu is the moderator of this project. As the moderator of this project, his ideas and the things he promoted should be relatively mature. Anyway, from the opening ceremony of this exhibition, Mr. Qiu raised questions and hoped to get some answers, whether standard answers, correct answers or different answers. I think Mr. Qiu was more satisfied. For in front of him were four sheets of paper with writing on both sides. It can be seen that the forum of "Firewood Burning and Environmental Protection" of Chinese Traditional Ceramic Intangible Cultural Heritage has more or less achieved certain results in answering questions and doubts. Thank you all for coming. This is the end of the seminar. Thank you!

Director Zhao: here are all experts, I know this project, last year when Liu Runfu teacher to declare is me to go with him, this is the national ceramic art lovers, ceramic workers particularly care about, we as a professional ceramic art museum, should support and encourage more to help you do this thing well. Technically, we have not given you more support, but we have given you support on the platform. We hope you can come to Beijing High School Ceramic Art Museum for any event or event. We welcome you with open arms!

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